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1.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 962022 Oct 03.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36196560

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Knowing the risk status of malnutrition and sarcopenia in institutionalized patients is essential to understand the current context after the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: This research used a retrospective, observational study. The results of the Remote Malnutrition APP test (R-MAPP) are described: risk factors for malnutrition (including COVID-19), the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and the SARC-F, in a selected sample of 402 residents of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) during 2021. An inferential analysis was performed to determine which factors were related to the MUST (≥2 points) and SARC-F (≥4 points) response measures. With the factors that obtained statistical significance, a multivariate regression model was performed, adjusting for each one. of those factors. RESULTS: Mean age was 84.2 years, 70.1% women. Most frequent risk factor for malnutrition was aging (85.1%). The mean body mass index was 26.5 (SD 11.6). MUST≥2 points was obtained in 16.2%, and a SARC-F≥4 in 69.9%. COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.13-0.92; p 0.03) was a protective factor against the risk of malnutrition. The risk of sarcopenia was related to aging (OR 8.16; 95% CI 4.13-16.20; p 0.00), COVID-19 (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.17-3.29; p 0.01) and COPD (OR 2.44; 95% CI 1.21-4.89; p 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: No relationship is found between COVID-19 and high risk of malnutrition. Aging, COVID-19 and COPD are risk factors for sarcopenia.


OBJETIVO: Conocer el estado de riesgo de desnutrición y sarcopenia de las personas institucionalizadas es clave para entender el contexto actual tras la repercusión que ha tenido la pandemia por coronavirus (COVID-19). METODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se describen los resultados de la prueba Remote Malnutrition APP (R-MAPP): factores de riesgo de desnutrición (incluyendo la COVID-19), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) y la SARC-F, en una muestra seleccionada de 402 residentes de Castilla-La Mancha (España) durante 2021. Se llevó a cabo un análisis inferencial para determinar qué factores tenían relación con las medidas de respuesta MUST (≥2 puntos) y SARC-F (≥4 puntos). Con los factores que obtuvieron significación estadística se realizó un modelo de regresión multivariante ajustando por cada uno de esos factores. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue de 84,2 años, con un 70,1% de mujeres. El factor de riesgo de desnutrición más frecuente fue el envejecimiento (85,1%). El Índice de Masa Corporal medio fue 26,5 (DE 11,6). Se obtuvo un MUST mayor o igual a 2 puntos en un 16,2%, y un SARC-F igual o mayor de 4 en el 69,9%. Se observó, como factor protector, la EPOC (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica / OR 0,35; IC 95% 0,13-0,92; p 0,03) contra el riesgo de desnutrición. El riesgo de sarcopenia se relacionó con envejecimiento (OR 8,16; IC 95% 4,13-16,20; p 0,00), COVID-19 (OR 1,96; IC 95% 1,17-3,29; p 0,01) y EPOC (OR 2,44; IC 95% 1,21- 4,89; p 0,01). CONCLUSIONES: No se halla relación entre COVID-19 y riesgo alto de desnutrición. Envejecimiento, COVID-19 y EPOC son factores de riesgo de sarcopenia.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Desnutrição , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Sarcopenia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Feminino , Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição/complicações , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Sarcopenia/epidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 96: e202210075-e202210075, Oct. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-211623

RESUMO

FUNDAMENTOS: Conocer el estado de riesgo de desnutrición y sarcopenia de las personas institucionalizadas es clave para entender el contexto actual tras la repercusión que ha tenido la pandemia por coronavirus (COVID-19). MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se describen los resultados de la prueba Remote Malnutrition APP (R-MAPP): factores de riesgo de desnutrición (incluyendo la COVID-19), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) y la SARC-F, en una muestra seleccionada de 402 residentes de Castilla-La Mancha (España) durante 2021. Se llevó a cabo un análisis inferencial para determinar qué factores tenían relación con las medidas de respuesta MUST (≥2 puntos) y SARC-F (≥4 puntos). Con los factores que obtuvieron significación estadística se realizó un modelo de regresión multivariante ajustando por cada uno de esos factores. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue de 84,2 años, con un 70,1% de mujeres. El factor de riesgo de desnutrición más frecuente fue el envejecimiento (85,1%). El Índice de Masa Corporal medio fue 26,5 (DE 11,6). Se obtuvo un MUST mayor o igual a 2 puntos en un 16,2%, y un SARC-F igual o mayor de 4 en el 69,9%. Se observó, como factor protector, la EPOC (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica / OR 0,35; IC 95% 0,13-0,92; p 0,03) contra el riesgo de desnutrición. El riesgo de sarcopenia se relacionó con envejecimiento (OR 8,16; IC 95% 4,13-16,20; p 0,00), COVID-19 (OR 1,96; IC 95% 1,17-3,29; p 0,01) y EPOC (OR 2,44; IC 95% 1,21- 4,89; p 0,01). CONCLUSIONES: No se halla relación entre COVID-19 y riesgo alto de desnutrición. Envejecimiento, COVID-19 y EPOC son factores de riesgo de sarcopenia.(AU)


BACKGROUND: Knowing the risk status of malnutrition and sarcopenia in institutionalized patients is essential to understand the current context after the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: This research used a retrospective, observational study. The results of the Remote Malnutrition APP test (R-MAPP) are described: risk factors for malnutrition (including COVID-19), the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and the SARC-F, in a selected sample of 402 residents of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) during 2021. An inferential analysis was performed to determine which factors were related to the MUST (≥2 points) and SARC-F (≥4 points) response measures. With the factors that obtained statistical significance, a multivariate regression model was performed, adjusting for each one. of those factors. RESULTS: Mean age was 84.2 years, 70.1% women. Most frequent risk factor for malnutrition was aging (85.1%). The mean body mass index was 26.5 (SD 11.6). MUST≥2 points was obtained in 16.2%, and a SARC-F≥4 in 69.9%. COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.13-0.92; p 0.03) was a protective factor against the risk of maln utrition. The risk of sarcopenia was related to aging (OR 8.16; 95% CI 4.13-16.20; p 0.00), COVID-19 (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.17-3.29; p 0.01) and COPD (OR 2.44; 95% CI 1.21-4.89; p 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: No relationship is found between COVID-19 and high risk of malnutrition. Aging, COVID-19 and COPD are risk factors for sarcopenia.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Desnutrição , Sarcopenia , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus , Pandemias , Índice de Massa Corporal , Envelhecimento , Saúde do Idoso Institucionalizado , População Institucionalizada , Espanha , Saúde Pública , Estudos Retrospectivos
3.
Geriatrics (Basel) ; 7(4)2022 Jul 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35893325

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: there is no consensus on how to optimally use diagnostic tests in each stage of COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this research is to determine the efficiency of sorting positive antibody test quarterly. METHODS: this research uses a retrospective, observational study. COVID-19 diagnostic tests performed and avoided refer to a Spanish nursing home. POPULATION: 261 employees and 107 residents. A quarterly antibody test was performed on subjects who had tested positive during the first wave of coronavirus, and a antibody rapid test on the remaining subjects. RESULTS: during the first wave, 24.0% of the employees and 51.4% of the residents had a positive antibody test. Seronegativization was observed in 7.6% of employees and 1.6% of residents. An employee was infected with COVID-19 in September 2020, followed by a nursing home outbreak in October: 118 Polymerase Chain Reactions tests were avoided in residents and 18 in employees, which in turn prevented 15 workers from going on sick leave and the quarantine of 59 residents. This represents savings of about $15,000. CONCLUSIONS: our study supports the need to know and apply the strategies for early detection, surveillance and control of COVID-19 for future outbreaks. We conclude that surveillance for positive COVID-19 serology among long-term care staff and residents may be a cost-effective strategy during a pandemic.

4.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 10(4)2022 Mar 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35455775

RESUMO

Background: Halfway through the 2019−2020 academic year, the entire university system was affected by an exceptional situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Online learning was globally implemented for all degrees to finish the course and to meet academic objectives. This unforeseen change in teaching and subsequent evaluations meant teachers and students had to invest significant effort. Student satisfaction is used to measure the evaluation of teaching/learning processes in higher education. Our objective was to know and compare the satisfaction of nursing students taught at a Spanish public university after making changes to the teaching methodology. Methods: A descriptive observational study that measures student satisfaction. Study population: 240 students registered in academic years 2019−2020 and 2020−2021 answered the survey. The survey contained 30 items answered on a Likert-type scale. The main variables: the learning methodology (online or blended) was the independent variable; student satisfaction was the dependent variable. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. Results: A response rate between 37.4% and 41.2%. Overall satisfaction was 2.75 points (SD 0.56) and 2.94 points (SD 0.49) with online learning and bimodal learning, respectively (maximum score 4 points) (p < 0.004). Conclusions: Student satisfaction was moderate−high for both learning methodologies. Students found that the b-learning methodology was the most valued.

6.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 47(4): 195-204, abr. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-135385

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Describir la utilización de recursos sociosanitarios por parte de los pacientes inmovilizados, así como las características del cuidado informal y el grado de satisfacción con los servicios de atención domiciliaria. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional descriptivo realizado en atención primaria. La población diana fueron pacientes inmovilizados de atención domiciliaria del área de salud de Albacete, seleccionándose aleatoriamente 368 pacientes. Las variables incluyeron: datos sociodemográficos del paciente y cuidador, utilización de recursos sociosanitarios, apoyo social percibido (cuestionario DUKE-UNK), función familiar (cuestionario APGAR), atención de enfermería y satisfacción con los servicios de atención domiciliaria (SATISFAD 10). RESULTADOS: El 66,9% son grandes dependientes y presentan úlceras por presión el 18,6%. La mayoría de los cuidadores informales son mujeres (83,1%), con una edad media de 57,7 años (DE: 15,1). La intensidad promedio del cuidado es de 15,7 horas/día (DE: 8,5) y la mediana en la duración del cuidado 5 años. El número medio de visitas/mes por enfermería es 2,1 (DE: 2,1), superior en pacientes con úlceras o pluripatología. Los recursos sociosanitarios más utilizados son teleasistencia (34,2%) y ayuda a domicilio (20,3%), recibiendo prestación económica por dependencia el 65,6%. En general es elevada la satisfacción con la atención domiciliaria. CONCLUSIONES: Las enfermedades del aparato locomotor constituyen los principales motivos de inmovilización en pacientes domiciliarios. La mayoría de los cuidadores informales son mujeres de edad avanzada. La duración e intensidad del cuidado son elevadas y los principales apoyos provienen de los profesionales sanitarios. Los pacientes hacen un uso reducido de recursos sociosanitarios


OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of social healthcare resources by immobilised patients and informal care characteristics and the level/degree of satisfaction with home care services. Method: Descriptive observational study carried out in primary care. The target group were 369 randomly selected immobilised home care patients in the area of Albacete, Spain. The variables included were: socio-demographic data of the patient and carer; the use of social healthcare resources; perceived social support (DUKE-UNK questionnaire); family function (APGAR questionnaire); nursing care and home care services satisfaction (SATISFAD 10 questionnaire). RESULTS: 66.9% of immobilised homecare patients have high dependency and 18.6% have bedsores. The majority of informal carers are women (83.1%) with an average of 57.7 years of age (DE 15.1). The average intensity of care is 15.7 hours per day (DE 8.5) and the average length of care is 5 years. The average number of visits from nurses per month is 2.1 (DE 2.1), although this measurement is higher in patients with bedsores or multiple diseases. The most widely used social health care resources are telephone care (34.2%) and home care (20.3%), for which 65.6% of immobilised homecare patients receive dependency benefits. Overall satisfaction with home care is of a high degree. CONCLUSIONS: Musculoskeletal disorders is the main reason for immobilisation in home care PATIENTS: Most informal carers are older women. The length and intensity of care is high and the main support comes from healthcare professionals. Patients make limited use of social healthcare resource


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Assistência Domiciliar/educação , Assistência Domiciliar , Cuidadores/classificação , Cuidadores/psicologia , Triagem/métodos , Assistência Domiciliar/economia , Assistência Domiciliar/métodos , Assistência Domiciliar/psicologia , Cuidadores/normas , Cuidadores , Triagem , Estudo Observacional
7.
Metas enferm ; 18(1): 20-25, feb. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-134106

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: conocer el grado de implementación del correo electrónico(e-mail) en la consulta de Enfermería en Atención Primaria. Como objetivos específicos: conocer el grado de satisfacción de los usuarios, la frecuencia de uso del correo electrónico entre los pacientes de la consulta de Enfermería pediátrica, los principales motivos de consulta que plantean los usuarios, el grado de accesibilidad percibido por parte de estos, si existe preocupación por parte de los usuarios en cuanto a la confidencialidad de sus datos y el grado de resolución a las demandas del correo electrónico. MÉTODO: estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en ámbito comunitario (consulta de Enfermería) durante los años 2012a 2014. Población y muestra: usuarios del e-mail con la enfermera. Muestreo no probabilístico: 128 sujetos. Cuestionario heteroadministrado por teléfono y contenido de los correos enviados. RESULTADOS: tasa de respuesta: 91,4% (117 sujetos). Media de edad: 36,1 años (DE: 5,0). El 88% eran mujeres, con estudios universitarios(61,5%) y trabajadores (74,3%), estando desempleados el 11,1%. Se registraron 428 correos, 3,6 correos por usuario;476 consultas, cuatro consultas por usuario/año. La principal consulta fue: administrativos (65%). Estaban muy satisfechos el97,4%, aunque al 59% le preocupaba la confidencialidad. Las mujeres consultan más sobre vacunas (p< 0,05), los jóvenes consultan más sobre alimentación (p= 0,002). El número de consultas se asocia a dudas sobre alimentación, vacunas, citas, diarrea y diagnósticos (p< 0,05).CONCLUSIONES: el perfil de usuario fue mujer joven, con estudios medios o superiores y trabajadora, que consulta por cuestiones administrativas y que el correo electrónico facilita la accesibilidad con la enfermera, con elevada satisfacción, útil, resolutivo, pero poco seguro


OBJECTIVE: to understand the level of implementation of e-mailin the Primary Care Nurse Office. The specific objectives were: To assess the level of user satisfaction, the frequency of use of e-mail among patients from the Paediatric Nurse Office, the main reasons for consultation by users, the level of accessibility as perceived by users, whether there is concern by users regarding data confidentiality, and the extent to which e-mail users' demands were met. METHOD: descriptive and transversal observational study in the outpatient setting (Nurse Office) during the period between 2012and 2014. Population and sample: users of e-mail with the nurse. Non-probabilistic sampling. 128 subjects. Hetero-administered questionnaire by phone, and contents of e-mails sent. RESULTS: response rate: 91.4% (117 subjects). Mean age: 36,1years (DE: 5.0). An 88.0% were female, with university studies(61.5%) and working (74.3%), while 11.1% were unemployed. In total, 428 e-mails were registered, with 3.6 e-mails per user, 476consultations, four consultations per user/year. The main consultation reason was: administrative matters (65.0%). A97.4% reported they were very satisfied, though 59.0% were concerned about confidentiality. Most consultations from women were about vaccines (p< 0.05), while young patients asked mostly about diet (p= 0.002). The number of consultations was associated with questions about diet, vaccines, appointments, diarrhoea, and diagnosis (p< 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: the profile of the user was: a young female, with intermediate or high studies, and working, asking about administrative matters. E-mail facilitates access to nurses, with a high degree of satisfaction; it is useful and provides solutions, but not very safe


Assuntos
Humanos , Enfermagem de Atenção Primária/métodos , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos , Comunicação em Saúde/tendências , Correio Eletrônico , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Consulta Remota
8.
Aten Primaria ; 47(4): 195-204, 2015 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25027627

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of social healthcare resources by immobilised patients and informal care characteristics and the level/degree of satisfaction with home care services. METHOD: Descriptive observational study carried out in primary care. The target group were 369 randomly selected immobilised home care patients in the area of Albacete, Spain. The variables included were: socio-demographic data of the patient and carer; the use of social healthcare resources; perceived social support (DUKE-UNK questionnaire); family function (APGAR questionnaire); nursing care and home care services satisfaction (SATISFAD 10 questionnaire). RESULTS: 66.9% of immobilised homecare patients have high dependency and 18.6% have bedsores. The majority of informal carers are women (83.1%) with an average of 57.7 years of age (DE 15.1). The average intensity of care is 15.7 hours per day (DE 8.5) and the average length of care is 5 years. The average number of visits from nurses per month is 2.1 (DE 2.1), although this measurement is higher in patients with bedsores or multiple diseases. The most widely used social health care resources are telephone care (34.2%) and home care (20.3%), for which 65.6% of immobilised homecare patients receive dependency benefits. Overall satisfaction with home care is of a high degree. CONCLUSION: Musculoskeletal disorders is the main reason for immobilisation in home care patients. Most informal carers are older women. The length and intensity of care is high and the main support comes from healthcare professionals. Patients make limited use of social healthcare resources.


Assuntos
Recursos em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar , Imobilização , Assistência ao Paciente , Serviço Social/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Autorrelato , Adulto Jovem
9.
Metas enferm ; 17(4): 19-25, mayo 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-124666

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: determinar la eficacia de ácidos grasos esenciales(AGE) versus ácidos grasos hiperoxigenados (AGHO) en la prevención de úlceras por presión (UPP) grado I en población geriátrica institucionalizada pacientes con riesgo de aparición de UPP. MÉTODO: ensayo clínico aleatorizado realizado en población institucionalizada. Se efectuó asignación aleatoria a grupos experimental(33 residentes a los que se les aplicó AGE) y control (32residentes a los que se aplicó AGHO). Ambos productos se aplicaron tópicamente cada 12 horas. Se midió la incidencia de UPP degrado I a los 7, 14, 21 y 28 días. La fuente de información fue la historia clínica del paciente. El riesgo de desarrollar UPP se valoró con la escala de Norton. Se constataron las medidas de prevención realizadas. Para el análisis bivariante se utilizaron pruebas de comparación de medias (prueba t de Student para muestras independientes)y proporciones (Ji cuadrada).RESULTADOS: de los 65 pacientes incluidos en el estudio: 32 en el grupo de AGHO y 33 en el grupo de AGE. La incidencia máxima de UPP I por semana fue de 12,9% en el grupo de AGHO y 12,5%en el grupo de AGE. No se han encontrado diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos de tratamiento. CONCLUSIONES: la aplicación de AGE y AGHO representan una medida igual de efectiva en la prevención de aparición de UPP


OBJECTIVE: to determine the efficacy of essential fatty acids(EFAs)) vs. hyper oxygenated fatty acids (HOFAs) for the prevention of Grade 1 pressure ulcers (PUs) in the hospitalized geriatric population of patients with risk of developing PUs. METHOD: a randomized clinical trial conducted on a population with long-term hospitalization. Patients were randomly assigned to the experimental arm (33 patients who received EFAs), and the control arm (32 patients who received HOFA). Both products were applied topically every 12 hours. The incidence of Grade 1PUs was measured at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The source of information was patients' clinical records. The risk of developing Pus was assessed through the Norton Scale. Prevention measures conducted were validated. For bivariate analysis, comparison tests of mean values were conducted (Student's t test for independent samples), as well as of percentages (Square Ji).RESULTS: out of the 65 patients included in the study, 32 were in the HOFA arm and 33 in the EFA arm. The maximum incidence of Grade 1 PUs per week was 12.9% in the HOFA arm and 12.5%in the EFA arm. No significant differences were found between both treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS: the administration of EFA and HOFA represents equally effective measures for preventing the development of PUs


Assuntos
Humanos , Ácidos Graxos Essenciais/uso terapêutico , Lesão por Pressão/prevenção & controle , Institucionalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Repouso em Cama , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto
10.
Metas enferm ; 16(8): 67-70, oct. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-117917

RESUMO

En la actualidad se conocen medidas de los niveles sonoros en calles, lugares de ocio y trabajo. Sin embargo, no se han realizado medidas de los niveles sonoros en uno mismo, en la persona. Objetivó: identificar los niveles medios de presión sonora y los tiempos de exposición a los que están sometidos los niños en edad escolar. Material y método: se eligieron dos colegios de educación primaria de la ciudad de Albacete. El muestreo se hizo de forma no probabilística, seleccionamos cien niños, a los cuales se les puso un medidor individual de niveles de presión sonora. Los medidores los llevaron puestos en la parte delantera de su cuerpo durante una semana y recogían todos los sonidos recibidos. La información fue analizada con el programa SPSS v. 19.0, realizándose análisis univariantey bivariante. Resultados: la tasa de respuesta fue del 55%. El tiempo que pasan los niños en ambientes sonoros mayores a 70 dBA, que es una zona de riesgo para la salud auditiva, es el 30% y un 70,1% del tiempo correspondía a ambiente normal, por debajo de 70 dBA. Existe asociación estadística entre la edad y las actividades extraescolares con los niveles sonoros. Conclusión: los niños que no asisten a actividades extraescolares y los de menor edad soportan mayores niveles sonoros. Los alumnos de educación primaria estudiados están sometidos a sonidos elevados en su vida diaria que pueden originar pérdidas auditivas en un futuro más o menos próximo, si estos niveles persistieran en el tiempo (AU)


Currently there is awareness about sound level measurements in the street, leisure and working places. However, no measurement has been conducted of sound levels on persons themselves. Objective: to identify median levels of sound pressure and exposure times to which schoolchildren are subjected to. Materials and methods: two primary education schools were chosen in the city of Albacete. Sampling was made with a non-probability method; we selected one hundred children, who were provided with an individual meter of sound pressure levels. Children wore these meters on the front part of their bodies during a week, and all sounds received were collected. The information was analyzed with the SPSS19.0 program, and univariate and bivariate analysis was conducted. Results: the response rate was 55%. Children spent 30% of their time in sound settings above 70 dBA, which is a risk zone for auditory health; and 70.1% of their time was spent on a normal setting, below 70 dBA. There is a statistical association between age and extracurricular activities with sound levels. Conclusion: children who don’t attend extracurricular activities and those who are younger are subjected to higher sound levels. Those primary school pupils studied were subject to high sounds in their daily life, which may cause hearing loss in a more or less distant future, if those levels continue over time (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Ruído/análise , Monitoramento do Ruído/métodos , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/prevenção & controle , Serviços de Enfermagem Escolar/organização & administração , Monitoramento do Ruído/métodos
11.
Metas enferm ; 14(2): 68-71, mar. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-94193

RESUMO

Objetivo: determinar el nivel sonoro continuo equivalente al que se ve sometido un escolar en su actividad diaria en centros públicos de educación primaria de Albacete. Material y método: estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal en once centros públicos de educación primaria de Albacete. Variable dependiente: nivel sonoro continuo equivalente al que se ve sometido el escolar (Leq en dBA). Variables independientes: colegio y lugares del colegio. Las mediciones se han realizado utilizando medidores de sonido Bruel & Kjaer type 2.226 con trípode. Se calcularon intervalos de confianza para un 95% de seguridad. Resultados: el nivel sonoro medio equivalente en las aulas de los niños con edades entre tres y cinco años tuvo unos valores medios de 75 dBA, para edades de seis a siete años fue de 66 dBA y para edades entre 8 y 11 años fue de 69 dBA. La media de la distribución muestral(de 3 a 11 años) fue de 70 dBA. El nivel sonoro medio equivalente en el pasillo a la salida de los escolares tuvo un valor medio de 71 dBA y de 83 dBA en el patio en el momento del recreo. Conclusiones: los niveles sonoros continuos equivalentes obtenidos superan los límites establecidos por la legislación vigente para centros educativos, por tanto, los escolares están sometidos a sonidos elevados en su actividad escolar (AU)


Objective: to determine the on going noise level equivalent to the one experienced by a student in his or her daily activity in public primary schools of Albacete.Material and method: cross-sectional descriptive observational study in 11 public primary schools of Albacete. Dependent variable: ongoing noise level equal to that experienced by the student (Leq indBA). Independent variables: school and places in the school. The measurement shave been performed using type 2.226 Bruel & Kjaer sound measurers with tripod. 95% Confidence intervals were calculated. Results: the average noise level equivalent to that in the classrooms of children between the age of three and five had a mean value of 75 dBA, for ages between six and seven it was 66 dBA and for ages between 8 and 11 it was 69 dBA. The sample distribution mean (ages between 3 and 11) was 70 dBA. The average noise level equivalent in the hallway at the end of the school day had a mean value of 71 dBA and 83 dBA in the playground during break.Conclusions: the equivalent on going noise levels obtained exceed the limits established by the current legislation for schools. Therefore,students are exposed to elevated noise during their school activity (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Ruído/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição de Ruído/métodos , Ruído/efeitos adversos , Serviços de Saúde Escolar
12.
Metas enferm ; 13(10): 26-32, dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-94471

RESUMO

Objetivos: describir el perfil sociodemográfico de las cuidadoras familiares,las características del cuidado, su nivel de autoestima e identificar el apoyo familiar y social percibido. Método: estudio observacional descriptivo. Población: personas cuidadoras principales (PCP) de sus allegados dependientes atendidos en domicilio. Muestra: 76 cuidadores familiares del ámbito de la AP. Fuentes de información: escala de autoestima de Rosenberg (RSE), Apgar familiary cuestionario de elaboración propia. Resultados: perfil de la persona cuidadora: mujer, ama de casa, entre 45 y 65 años, que cuida al padre o madre, casada, con estudios primarios y convive con la persona cuidada. Suelen ser cuidadoras permanentes y únicas, aunque un 27,6% rotan en el cuidado y 1/3 reciben ayuda de otros familiares. Dedican 132 h/semanales de promedio al cuidado, la duración es alta (media 9 años). Valor medio de autoestima (RSE) fuede 34,36 (autoestima elevada considerada valor normal). El 78,4% tiene puntuaciones de autoestima elevada. La mayoría se considera satisfecha con la ayuda recibida por la familia, el valor medio es 8,4; la proporción de sujetos con carencias en la función familiar es el 16%. Los apoyos sociales son escasos: un 10% se siente apoyado por vecinos, asociaciones o amigos. El 24% percibe falta de apoyo social. Conclusiones: el cuidado del familiar dependiente continúa siendo asumido fundamentalmente por las mujeres con papel de amas de casa que,a pesar de la intensidad y dedicación al cuidado y de no percibir el suficiente apoyo social, tienen buena autoestima. No se aprecia un reemplazo generacional, ni reparto equitativo de la carga de cuidado según el género, es necesario investigar la causa (AU)


Objectives: to describe the sociodemographic profile of family members who take on the role of caregiver, the characteristics of this care, and theirself-esteem level, and to identify perceived family and social support. Method: descriptive observational study. Population: primary caregivers of dependant family members who receive care at home. Sample: 76 family caregivers of the PC setting. Information sources: Rosenberg selfesteem scale (RSE), family APGAR and self-elaborated questionnaire. Results: caregiver profile: woman, housewife, between the ages of 45and 65 years, who looks after her mother or father, is married, has aprimary education level, and lives with the person who receives her care.They are usually the permanent and only caregivers in the household, eventhough 27,6% do care rotation, and 1/3 receive help from other family members. They dedicate an average of 132h/week to care, and the duration of this care is high (mean 9 years). The mean self-esteem value(RSE) was 34,36 (elevated self-esteem considered a normal value). 78,4%has elevated self-esteem scores. Most feel satisfied with the help receivedfrom the family, with a mean value of 8,4; the proportion of subjects with lacks in family function is 16%. Social support is scarce: 10% feels supported by neighbours, associations or friends. 24% perceives a lack of social support.Conclusions: care of the dependant family member continues to be take non primarily by women who are housewives and who, in spite of the intensity of the care, the dedication it requires and limited perceived social support, have good self-esteem. A generational replacement or equal distribution of the care load by gender is not observed, leading to the need to investigate the cause of this reality (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Cuidadores/psicologia , Moradias Assistidas , Autoimagem , Carga de Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricos , Apoio Social , Relações Familiares
13.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 2(6): 286-293, feb. 2009.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-72871

RESUMO

La evaluación de la calidad asistencial ha adquirido gran relevancia en los últimos años con la fi nalidad de mejorar las prácticas sanitarias, actualizar los conocimientos de los profesionales y alcanzarlos mejores resultados en salud. La finalidad del presente estudio es realizar una descripción del panorama sobre el uso de medidas de resultados de salud basadas en el paciente en la práctica clínica. Los cuestionarios validados SF-36 y NHP son los más utilizados en los estudios analizados para medir el impacto de la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS) en distintas poblaciones de pacientes. Las medidas subjetivas de valoración de la CVRS empleadas en la práctica clínica constituyen un criterio complementario en la atención de los pacientes con enfermedades en las que los indicadores de morbimortalidad no expresan completamente el impacto de la enfermedad en el individuo y la sociedad. A pesar de lo anterior, existen dimensiones no recogidas en los cuestionarios existentes, por lo que se deben perfeccionar y completar en el futuro (AU)


Evaluation of health outcome. Overview of the use of patient-based Health Outcome measures in clinical practice Assessment of healthcare quality has become very important in the last few years. The aim is to improve healthcare practices, update healthcare professionals’ knowledge and achieve the best health outcomes. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the use of patient-based health outcome measures in clinical practice. In the studies analysed, the most commonly used questionnaires to measure the impact of Health related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in different patient populations are the SF-36 and NHP. The subjective assessment measures of HRQoL used in clinical practice constitute a complementary criterion in the healthcare of patients with diseases in which the morbidity-mortality indicators do not fully express the impact of the disease on the individual and on society. In spite of this, the current questionnaires do not take into account certain dimensions and need to be perfected and extended in the future (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , /métodos , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Qualidade de Vida , Satisfação do Paciente/legislação & jurisprudência , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários/classificação , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , /métodos
14.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 18(4): 197-201, dic. 2007. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-66642

RESUMO

Objetivos: Conocer la eficacia de los ácidos grasos hiperoxigenados enla prevención de las úlceras por presión. Determinar el nivel de evidenciadel uso de los ácidos grasos hiperoxigenados en la prevención de lasúlceras por presión. Material y método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográficaen Cochrane library, The Joanna Briggs Institute, Pubmedmedliney Cuiden, siendo solamente seleccionados ensayos clínicos. Parasu evaluación se han seguido las recomendaciones del Critical AppraisalSkills Programme (CASPe) junto al sistema GRADE para la valoraciónde la calidad de la evidencia y la fuerza de las recomendaciones.Resultados: En the Cochrane Library no aparece ningún documento,mientras que en The Joanna Briggs Institute aparece un bestpracticedonde no se hace ninguna referencia a los AGHO. En el resto de basesencontramos 2 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, que cumplían los criteriosCASPe. En el estudio de Gallart, et al. sobre una muestra de 192pacientes se observó una incidencia de UPP del 19% en el grupo intervenciónfrente al 35% del grupo placebo (p < 0,007), siendo la RAR de16 (3,9-28,1), la RRR de 45,7 (11,8-66,6) y el NNT fue de 7 (4-26),con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Por su parte, Torra i Bou, et al.,sobre una muestra de 331 pacientes, observaron una incidencia de UPPdel 7,32% en el grupo intervención frente a 17,37% en el grupo placebo(p < 0,001), siendo la RAR de 10 (3,1-17,0), la RRR de 57,9 (20,3-77,7) y el NNT fue de 10 (6-33), con un intervalo de confianza del95%. Conclusiones: De acuerdo a la clasificación GRADE, ambos estudiosnos arrojan una calidad de evidencia alta. Por lo tanto, según labibliografía consultada, los AGHO pueden constituir una medida preventivaefectiva en las UPP y, en el caso de no evitarlas, retarda el tiempo de su aparición. Aunque, dado el escaso número de estudios experimentalesllevados a cabo, estimamos necesario la realización de nuevosensayos clínicos que lo confirmen


Objectives: To know the scientific evidence about hyperoxygenated fatty acid effectivenessin the prevention of the pressure ulcers and to evaluate, through the bibliographyconsulted, their clinical effectiveness. Material and method: There was made a compilationof information in the Cochrane library, The Joanna Briggs Institute,Pubmed-medline and Cuiden.There were only selected clinical trials, for which evaluationit has been followed the recommendations of Critical Apraisal Skill Program togetherwith GRADE system in order to value the quality of the evidence and thestrength of the recommendation. Results: No documents have been found in theCochrane library, whereas in The Joanna Briggs Institute has been found a bestpracticewhere there is no reference to the hyperoxygenated fatty acid. In the rest of the databasesjust two randomised clinical trials that followed CASP criteria were found.Inthe Gallart et al study over a sample of 192 patients an UPP incidence of 19% wasfound in the intervention group it was found a pressure ulcer rate of 19% against the35% in the placebo group (p < 0,007) being the RAR of 16 (3,9-28,1) the RRR of45,7 (11,8 -66,6) and the NNT was of 7(4-26) with a confidence interval of95%.In the Torra i Bou, et al. study over a sample of 331 patients an UPP incidenceof 7,32% in the intervention group against the 17,37% in the placebo group(p < 0,001) being the RAR OF 10 (3,1-17,0) the RR of 57,9 (20,3-77,7) and theNNT was of 10 (6-33) with a confidence interval of 95%. Conclusions: Accordingto GRADE classification both studies show us a high quality evidence.So according toinformation found, the hydrogenated fatty acids could be an effective preventive measurein pressure ulcers, and when they are not able to avoid them, they could delay their occurrence.Although there are no many clinical studies we thought necessary to carry outnew clinical trials to confirm it (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Lesão por Pressão/prevenção & controle , Ácidos Graxos/uso terapêutico
15.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 1(6): 291-294, feb. 2007. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-056212

RESUMO

Las úlceras por presión (UPP) localizadas en la región sacro-coxígea siguen estando presentes en hospitales y domicilios, a pesar de los avances existentes en su prevención y curación, representando un gran coste económico, social y sanitario. Presentamos el caso de un paciente encamado con UPP en región sacra, describiendo el proceso de atención de enfermería y evaluando la eficacia, comportamiento clínico y evolución de la UPP (estadio III) por acción de ácidos grasos esenciales, colagenasa y colágeno en polvo. Se realizaron curas a diario aplicando un ácido graso esencial en la zona perilesional. En la úlcera con tejido necrótico, tras limpieza local, se aplicó clostridiopeptidasa A (colagenasa) y posteriormente un hidrogel con colágeno en polvo más un apósito hidrocelular adhesivo para la región sacra. En el proceso de atención de Enfermería aparecieron dificultades, ya que no existió uniformidad en los cuidados realizados al paciente y no hubo registro de la evolución de la herida. Como consecuencia, se produjo lentitud en el proceso de cicatrización y mayor consumo de recursos humanos y materiales. Al aplicarse el tratamiento descrito la herida mejoró su proceso de cicatrización hacia la curación (AU)


Pressure ulcers (PU) in the sacral-coccyx region continue to occur in hospitals and at home, in spite of the advances in prevention and cure, and they represent a significant economic, social and healthcare cost. We present a case of PU in the sacral region in a bedridden patient. We describe the nursing care procedure, assess the efficacy, clinical performance and PU (stage III) development using essential fatty acids, collagenase and collagen powder. Wounds were dressed daily applying essential fatty acid around the wound. After cleaning the ulcer that had necrotic tissue, clostridiopeptidase A (collagenase) was applied followed by a hydrogel with collagen powder plus a hydrocellular adhesive dressing for the sacral region. The nursing care procedure presented problems because of the lack of uniformity and absence of any record of the healing process. Consequently healing was slow and there was a greater use of human and material resources. On applying the treatment described the healing process improved until wound closure (AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Idoso , Humanos , Região Sacrococcígea/lesões , Lesão por Pressão/enfermagem , Evolução Clínica , Curativos Biológicos , Lesão por Pressão/terapia , Ácidos Graxos Essenciais/uso terapêutico
16.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 1(5): 232-236, oct. 2006.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-69027

RESUMO

La recogida de información es una parte crucial de una investigación, ya que, cuanto más clara esté, menos laborioso será el desarrollo de un estudio. Además, es importante que el investigador esté próximo a la recogida de la información, sólo así se efectuará un control de calidad adecuado en la recogida de datos.Una buena recogida de datos es fundamental para alcanzar el objetivo deseado. Incluso con un diseño impecable, un estudio puede fracasar de muchas maneras debido a una defi ciente recogida de la información.Con este artículo pretendemos familiarizar al lector con la encuesta como técnica de recogida de información, describiendo los pasos que deben seguirse para su realización y centrando el interés fundamentalmente en la elaboración de su instrumento básico, el cuestionario


The information harvesting is a basic part of a research. It is important the neighbourhood ofresearcher to the information harvesting in order to warranty the adequate quality control.The dates harvesting is the fi rst steep in order to allow target. Also with a care design, the researchwould to break up because a defi cient information harvesting. This article is looking for toteach manage of questionnaire and show steeps for fulfi lment and focusing the adequate design of a very important tool (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Coleta de Dados/métodos , Pesquisa/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Análise Multivariada , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Ética em Pesquisa
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